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The Neumann U 87 Ai Condenser Microphone in nickel finish is a large dual-diaphragm condenser microphone. It features three directional patterns, including omnidirectional, cardioid and figure-8. These are selectable with a switch below the head grille and the window above this switch shows the symbol of the selected characteristic. A 10 dB attenuation switch is located on the rear. It enables the microphone to handle sound pressure levels up to 127 dB without distortion. The low frequency response can be reduced to compensate for proximity effect.
The U 87 Ai is best known as a The Vocal Mic but it is a main microphone for orchestra recordings and as a spot microphone for single instruments, and speech.
The U 87 Ai is addressed from the front. The frequency response of the cardioid and figure-8 directional characteristics are very flat for frontal sound incidence, even in the upper frequency range. The microphone can be used very close to a sound source without the sound becoming unnaturally harsh. By means of a high-pass filter, interference through subsonic and low frequencies are reduced.
The circuitry increases operational headroom of the U 87 Ai by supplying the bias voltages for the capsule through a reduced resistance. The result is a higher sensitivity of 10 dB for identical sound pressure levels, and an improved S/N ratio of 3 dB.
A switch located at the rear attenuates the sensitivity by 10 dB. When this switch is activated, the microphone accepts sound pressure levels up to 127 dB (equivalent to a sound pressure of 45 Pa) without distortion.
An additional switch at the rear allows to change the microphone's cutoff frequency. This reduces low frequency interference directly at the input of the microphone amplifier. This setting also compensates for the unavoidable bass boost that occurs with all pressure gradient transducers when they are used at close distance (proximity effect).
Operating Principle |
Pressure Gradient |
Transducer | Condenser |
Polar Pattern | Cardioid, Figure 8, Omnidirectional |
Frequency Range | 20 Hz to 20 kHz |
Signal to Noise Ratio | 71: dB CCIR 69: dB CCIR 68: dB CCIR 82: dB A-Weighted 80: dB A-Weighted 79: dB A-Weighted |
Equivalent Noise Level | 23 dB CCIR 25 dB CCIR 26 dB CCIR 12 dB A-Weighted 14 dB A-Weighted 15 dB A-Weighted |
Maximum SPL | 117 dB SPL 0.5% 127 dB SPL 0.5% with 10 dB Pad Engaged |
Impedance | 200 ohms |
Load Impedance | 1 kOhms |
Sensitivity | 28 mV/PA @ 1 kHz into 1 kOhms 22 mV/PA @ 1 kHz into 1 kOhms 20 mV/PA @ 1 kHz into 1 kOhms |
Power Requirements | 48 V+/- 4 V |
Pad | Yes, 10 dB |
Output Connectors | 3-Pin XLR |
Operating Current Consumption | 0.8µA |
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